Aim of the work: The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of a high-energy diet on renal histopathological changes, T and B lymphocytes infiltration and expression levels of caspase-3 in apoptotic kidney cells of Psammomys obesus, an animal model that intimately mimics human diabetic complications. Material and methods: After 6 months of feeding with the high energy diet, metabolic parameters were evaluated using an enzymatic colorimetric kit, the renal histopathological changes were examined by histological methods, whereas the expression levels of lymphocyte cells and caspase-3 were evaluated with immunohistochemical methods. To compare the expression levels of caspase-3, T and B lymphocytes in control and experimental animals groups, we quantified immunohistochemistry images using free software ImageJ Fiji. Result: We have demonstrated that after diabetes induction, rats develop similar symptoms of human metabolic pathology, such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, renal histopathological changes associated with expression levels of renal caspase-3 and lymphocytes infiltration leading to renal dysfunction. Conclusion: Consequently, in this study, we proposed that histopathological changes are correlated with apoptosis activation and lymphocyte cells infiltration leading to kidney dysfunction. Thus, our model may be useful to better study and understand diabetes and its complications. This original valuable model will furthermore permit testing several new therapeutic strategies to prevent diabetes including diabetic nephropathy.