The current study aimed to evaluate the possible undesirable effect of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs) on some kidney function markers as well as serum total cholesterol and triglycerides of adult male albino rats. In addition, studying the possible curative effect of the aqueous earthworm extract (EE) against such changes was considered. The effectiveness of EE and silymarin was compared. Oral administration of SiNPs caused kidney damage in the rats manifested by a significant increase in the levels of serum urea, uric acid, creatinine, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Post treatment with earthworm extract or silymarin, for 30 days, ameliorated the undesirable effects of SiNPs on the aforementioned parameters. These results confirmed the potential curative effect of the aqueous earthworm extract against silicon dioxide nanoparticles induced-nephrotoxicity.