This study was designed to investigate the possible protective therapeutic dose of vitamin A on kidneys of female rats treated with aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁). Animals were divided into 5 equal groups, each group containing 6 rats. Group I: animals served as normal controls. Group 2: animals of this group were orally administered vehicel with vitamin A (132 IU) double the human therapeutic dose. Group 3: animals were orally administered vehicle 50% DMSO alone. Group 4: animals were orally administered 0.05 μg AFB₁ per kg dissolved in 50% DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide). Group 5: animals were orally administered 0.05 μg AFB₁/kg with vitamin A. The experiment lasted for 14 weeks, and then animals were sacrificed and dissected after 24 hours. Kidney sections of female rats treated with either DMSO or\and AFLB₁ individually showed pathological changes represented by vacuolations of epithelial cells of the renal tubules; inflammatory cell infiltration; lobulated glomreuli; hemorrhage; degenerated renal tubules; dilated congested blood vessels and degenerated areas with rupturing in Bowman's capsule and widen Bowman's space, accompanied with pyknotic nuclei of the renal tubule cells. On the histochemical level, data obtained showed significant reduction of protein, DNA and polysaccharides contents in kidney tissues. Vitamin A administration showed a partial improvement of the above mentioned histopathological and histochemical alterations.