Introduction: Idiopathic hypercalciuria is a group of diseases which can be manifested with urinary symptoms. Its importance is due to high prevalence, recurrent infections, and stone formations which are often asymptomatic.
Aim of the study: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of idiopathic hypercalciuria in children with urinary system related symptoms attending Pediatric Nephrology Clinic & General Pediatric Clinic at Fayoum University Hospital from June to December 2019.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in2019 at Fayoum University Hospital on 206 children who were between 2 to 12 years old. Random morning urine samples was collected from all patients for measurement of Calcium/Creatinine levels.  UCa/Cr ≥0.20 mg/mg has been used as an accepted cutoff value for screening children of 3 yr or more with hypercalciuria.
Results: We studied 206 children. IH was found in 32 out of 206 studied children (15.5%). The prevalence of idiopathic hypercalciuria was 46.9% in children with urinary tract infection, 12.5% and 6.3% in children with microscopic and macroscopic hematuria respectively. In children with dysuria, there were 90.6%, and34.4%, in children with kidney stone which was confirmed with sonography, 0% in children with urinary incontinence.
Conclusion: Hypercalciuria can be presented with different symptoms associated with urinary symptoms. Therefore, it is recommended to check the urinary calcium level in children with urinary symptoms with no definite etiology.