Introduction
Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Decreased production or reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) can augment such complications. 
 
Aim of the study
To assess the levels of Nitric Oxide in the serum of chronic kidney disease children. 
 
Methods
Case-control cross sectional study was conducted on 55 children as a stratified non-random sample; 30 with CKD 
on regular hemodialysis (HD) (Group I), 10 with CKD on conservative therapy (Group II) and 15 healthy children
 (Group III). 
 
Results
Children with CKD whether on regular HD or on conservative therapy had significant lower serum NO levels (0.5 ± 0.2 and 2.1 ± 0.5 ng/ml respectively) as compared to healthy controls (9.8 ± 0.9 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Serum NO has significant negative correlations with duration of hemodialysis and with hypertension in Group I.
 
Conclusions
Nitric Oxide production is decreased in children with CKD, further decrease with the progression of the disease and correlated with hypertension and duration of hemodialysis.