Background: Family history of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of nephropathy. Recently, several studies have shed light on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the renalase gene that is believed to be associated with this disease.
Objective: Investigate the association of the susceptibility of rs2296545 and rs10887800 genotypes/alleles within the renalase (RNLS) gene in children with family history of ESRD.
Methods: The study included eight children on regular hemodialysis with a family history of chronic kidney disease (CKD), thirty children their ages range from 4-18 years without a family history, and 27 controls. We evaluated demographic and biochemical information, and renalase genotypes/alleles of rs2296545 and rs10887800 by the Sanger sequencing method. All data, including genotypes and alleles frequencies, were analyzed.
Results: The statistical evaluation of the rs2296545 showed significant increase relatively in CC genotypes and C alleles in dialyzed patients with a family history of CKD to those without family history with odds ratio of 7.70 (95%CI=3.35-17.72) and 3.16(95% CI=1.77-5.63); respectively. In rs10887800, there was a significant increase in GC and GG genotype distribution in dialyzed patients without a family history of CKD compared to the control group, odds ratio of 2.095 (95% CI=1.0057 - 5.265) and 2.301 (1.0057 - 5.265) (1.0322 - 4.254); respectively. 
Conclusion: rs2296545 C allele may be considered as one of the genetic risk factors for ESRD pathogenesis in children with family history, and its corresponding G allele may have a protective role.