Objective: Our objective is to conduct a comparative retrospective epidemiological study of some specific biochemical and physiological parameters in the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Materials and Methods: 217 diabetic patients (DT1, DT2) aged 15 to 89 years were recruited, they were classified into three groups according to the degree of renal complications. The following blood parameters were studied: glucose, HbA1C, urea, creatinine, creatinine clearance, microalbuminuria, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and potassium ions, sodium, chlorine.
Results: 51% of our diabetic patients are men, type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1 with a percentage of 82% (177 cases) against 18% (40 cases). The age group most affected is that of 65-89 years (47%). the male sex was most affected by chronic kidney failure (61%). 59% of diabetes cases are affected by hypertension. An unbalanced blood glucose was recorded in all of our patients included in this study. Urea, creatinine, creatinine clearance, microalbuminuria are biochemical markers and parameters for estimating renal function. The rate of urea, creatinine, microalbuminuria is very high in patients with diabetic nephropathy including chronic renal failure compared to other groups, which lead to the decrease in creatinine clearance [urea: 4.15 ± 14.66, creatinine: 71.77 ± 43.46, creat cl: 10.75 ± 7.98, microalbuminuria: 3507.11 ± 4080.39].
Conclusion: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the complications of diabetes and requires optimal management to slow the progression of renal disease.