Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated secondary complications are some of the leading induce of deaths worldwide. Aim: The aim of the study is to estimate changes in the levels of biochemical parameters as fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PP2BS) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c); and immunological parameters as Complement proteins C3, Complement proteins C4, Immunoglobulin's (IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgM) and C-peptide of type 2 diabetic patients to obtain a full immunological and physiological profile for type 2 diabetes. Subjects and Methods: Blood samples from 25 type 2 diabetic patients and 5 healthy subjects were randomly selected from Banha University hospitals in Kalyubiyya, Egypt. Serum sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin were assayed by using chemical analyzer (chem 7). C3, C4, IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM and C-peptide were measured by ELISA Results: FBS, PP2BS, and HbA1c significant increase in type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects. C3, IgA, IgE, IgG, and C-peptide showed a significant increase in type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects. Conclusion: FBS, PP2BS, and HbA1c used as good tools for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes in the current studied subjects is characterized by alternative pathway activation. Immunological biomarkers such as C3, IgA, IgE, and IgG were increased in type 2 diabetic patients by poor control of diabetes and long duration of disease.