This study deals with evolutionary genetics of salmonids populations, with the special emphasis on the roles of migration, random genetic drift, mutation, and natural selection affecting the patterns of molecular variation across contemporary and historical time scales. Studies of nuclear DNA and mitochondrial genomic variation supported the hypothesis that salmonid populations differ from the geographical regions, indicating for genetic diversity between populations. This study were used some genes for nuclear DNA genomic and mitochondrial DNA genomic for evaluation of the rate diversity. We suggest that the region of geographically is important to rate of diversity between and within populations. Were used marker genetic techniques such as the microsatellites markers, SNPs, RFLP, and some genes from mitochondrial genomic that engaged on the rate of diversity in populations of salmonids. Between and within population of S. salar and S. trutta were found single mutation by SNPs technique. RFLP analysis by nuclear DNA genomic such as microsatellites and growth hormone gene and also mitochondrial DNA genomic as cytochrome b and 12S rRNA gene and markers also showed the low variation between and within salmonids populations.