Quantitative and qualitative analysis of protein and DNA were investigated in two extreme phases, gregarious and solitarious Schistocerca gregaria, in addition to, their transient stages. The level of protein in long-term solitarious S. gregaria revealed  highly significant reduction when compared with the gregarious phase (P<0.05). These protein levels were 16.33±0.14 and 7.95±0.21 mg/10ml for long-term gregarious and solitarious S. gregaria, respectively. Data revealed 52 bands as the maximum number of protein which detected at the  molecular weight (Mw) ranged from 25 to 225.4 kilodaltons (kDa). The most separated protein bands were detected in Mw ranging from 46 to 25 kDa. Likewise, quantitative analysis of DNA levels showed a significant reduction of DNA level in long-term solitarious S. gregaria, compared with gregarious phase (P<0.05). These DNA levels were 7.75± 0.30 and 4.4±0.28 µg/µl for long-term gregarious and solitarious S. gregaria, respectively. Furthermore, the fraction DNA pattern of tissue assessed that there are 15 different DNA bands detected at Mw ranging from 366 to 3484 base pair (bp). In conclusion, each phase of S. gregaria has a significant change in protein content and the fraction pattern of the DNA, which was clearly reflected in genetic and epigenetic differences among different phases of S. gregaria.