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275797

Effect of Tramadol on the Development of Chick Embryos

Article

Last updated: 22 Jan 2023

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Abstract

Tramadol acts as a synthetic analgesic agent used to treat moderate to severe pain. The present study was designed to determinate the possible hazard effects of tramadol on the morphology of chick embryo and amniotic fluid biochemical changes. 240 Fertile chicken eggs were injected into the air sac with doses of 12.5,25,50 and 100 mg /kg egg wt, respectively, after 24 hr of incubation. Embryos were examined at 4 intervals on days 3, 6, 12, and 18 of incubation. Treated embryos showed an increase in mortality rates, growth retardation and many congenital malformations such as growth retardation, enlargement in the head region, and incomplete embryonic development on 3 days of incubation. Brain exencephaly, hematoma, acephaly, and ectopiacordis in 6 days of incubation. Undeveloped beak, reduced external auditory aperture and ectopia visceral were seen in 12-day treated embryos. While 18-day treated embryos exhibited oedema, anophthalmia, absence of feathers and limb deformities. Tramadol induced significant biochemical changes in the amniotic fluid including elevation in aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), sodium (Na), creatinine and urea besides reduction in the total protein, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Ph) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) when compared to control groups. Tramadol has an embryotoxic effect, as shown by an increase in congenital abnormalities and a considerable modification of some amniotic fluid biochemical parameters Therefore, it is recommended that tramadol should be taken only with the prescription of doctor and self-medication of this medicine may be hazardous.

DOI

10.21608/jsrs.2022.275797

Keywords

tramadol, chick embryo, congenital malformation, Biochemical studies

Authors

First Name

Esraa

Last Name

Rashed

MiddleName

abdelnaby

Affiliation

Zoology department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Email

esraa.abdenaby1994@gmail.com

City

Cairo

Orcid

-

First Name

Mervat

Last Name

M. Labib

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Zoology department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Email

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City

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Orcid

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First Name

Mona

Last Name

A. M. Helal

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Zoology department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

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City

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Orcid

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Volume

39

Article Issue

2

Related Issue

38373

Issue Date

2022-12-01

Receive Date

2022-12-24

Publish Date

2022-12-01

Page Start

194

Page End

218

Print ISSN

2356-8364

Online ISSN

2356-8372

Link

https://jsrs.journals.ekb.eg/article_275797.html

Detail API

https://jsrs.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=275797

Order

275,797

Type

Original Article

Type Code

656

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Journal of Scientific Research in Science

Publication Link

https://jsrs.journals.ekb.eg/

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Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023