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253793

Factors triggering Plasmodium development following Anopheles salivary gland invasion

Article

Last updated: 03 Jan 2025

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Abstract

Malaria parasites undergo a sequential series of developmental changes as they traverse and invade various tissues of both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. These developmental changes are reflected in the parasites' morphology, infectivity, gene expression patterns, as well as levels. Midgut and hemolymph sporozoites are completely different from those of salivary gland ones in that they are less capable for infecting their hosts and are less motile. The mosquito factors triggering those developmental changes during, and post salivary gland invasion are largely unknown. To identify and characterise mosquito factors that trigger those essential developmental changes in Plasmodium berghei and strengthen sporozoite development to infect their mammalian host, a UIS4:mCherry-containing line of P. berghei (PbANKA-Cherry-2204c1) that only has visible mCherry expression following salivary gland invasion, was treated in vitro with adult female mosquito tissue homogenates. The data obtained from using female Anopheles stephensi salivary gland homogenate shows the expression of mCherry protein as red fluorescence in about 70% of treated sporozoites in vitro. Anopheles stephensi midgut homogenate (non-specific tissue), and Aedes aegyptie salivary gland homogenate (non-vector salivary gland) were used as well as UIS4, UIS7, and mCherry genes expression were compared with midgut sporozoites. Treated sporozoites have a transcription profile of the tested genes like that of salivary gland sporozoites. Although the variables causing Plasmodium development following mosquito salivary gland invasion may not be influenced by mosquito species, it does show tissue specificity. As a result, the salivary gland's function as a gateway and invasion is the most crucial and specific phase in disease transmission.

DOI

10.21608/cat.2022.130005.1120

Keywords

Anopheles, Plasmodium, salivary gland

Authors

First Name

Mai

Last Name

hussien

MiddleName

Ibrahim

Affiliation

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt

Email

mai_hima2003@yahoo.com

City

Suez

Orcid

-

First Name

Belal

Last Name

Soliman

MiddleName

A.

Affiliation

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Maha

Last Name

Tewfick

MiddleName

K.

Affiliation

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

David

Last Name

Brochta

MiddleName

O.

Affiliation

Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland-College Park, Rockville, MD, United States

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

25

Article Issue

1

Related Issue

35684

Issue Date

2022-07-01

Receive Date

2022-03-28

Publish Date

2022-07-01

Page Start

41

Page End

50

Print ISSN

1687-5052

Online ISSN

2090-2786

Link

https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_253793.html

Detail API

https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=253793

Order

253,793

Type

Original Article

Type Code

644

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences

Publication Link

https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Factors triggering Plasmodium development following Anopheles salivary gland invasion

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Type

Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023