This study aimed to analyze the floristic composition and the distributional behavior of plant communities in relation to the main physiographic features and soil properties in Gebel Serbal. Canopy cover of plant species and altitude were measured in 58 stands (20 m x 20 m). Gravel percentage, soil texture, hygroscopic moisture, pH, electric conductivity, total carbonate, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and soil organic matter were determined in each stand. The results revealed that Serbal Mountain is characterized by distinguished microhabitats and low to moderate human impact that result in unique floristic composition and vegetation patterns. One hundred and six species were identified in this study including 11 endemic species, and 36 characteristic species. Based on multivariate analyses, seven main plant communities were recognized in Gebel Serbal area. Distribution of the plant communities was more related to altitude, hygroscopic moisture, and gravel percentage rather than to sand, silt and clay fractions, soil organic matter, and total nitrogen. The present study indicates that Gebel Serbal is the most diverse area in South Sinai, and has a high conservation value. We recommend that Gebel Serbal, a part of St. Katherine Protectorate, should be declared as habitat/species management area.