Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most frequent
ICU-acquired infections and a very challenging infection as it continues to complicate the
course of 8% to 28% of patients receiving mechanical ventilation one that must be prevented
due to its high morbidity and mortality. Aim of the Study: This study was conducted to assess
the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia for critically ill patients in the Intensive Care
Unit. Materials and Methods: A descriptive exploratory design was utilized was used in this
study. Setting the study was conducted at El-fayoum university hospital. The study subjects;
A Purposive sample of 30 patients from both genders, with different ages and educational levels
were selected for this study. Tools of the study consist of two tools, the first tool was Patient
Assessment sheet, and the second tool was VAP Assessment Tool. Results: It was found that
two third of the studied patient were male with mean age X¯ ± SD (52.40 ± 14.40).also only
two fifth of them smoker and about two third were unconscious. further about two third of
studied patient had VAP in the third day of the study. Conclusion. About two thirds of studied
patient were male, non smoker and unconscious. Moreover, the incidence of Ventilator
associated Pneumonia increased in the fifth day than third day. Recommendations:
Replication of the study using a large probability samples acquired from different geographic
areas. Policies and guidelines related to infection control measures must be informed to the
nurses in order to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia.