The problem of preterm births (PTBs) is a multidimensional public health concern affecting
not only maternal and child health but also reflects on the society. Aim: The study was conducted
to study maternal lifestyle and behavioral factors affecting the prevalence of spontaneous preterm
birth. Methods: A descriptive case-control design was used to conduct the study, between March
2014 and December 2014, in Zagazig University Hospital. A questionnaire was included: An
interview questionnaire sheet, and maternal lifestyle and behavior factors assessment sheet.
Results: The prevalence rate of spontaneous preterm birth was 5.0% among all deliveries
encountered in the study setting. The most significant factors associated with the risk of
spontaneous preterm births were an inadequate number of antenatal visits, interpregnancy
intervals, type of occupation, and night work. Moreover, short or long sleep duration and vital
exhaustion were determined as significant factors for spontaneous preterm births. Conclusion:
Proper diet, appropriate sleep and work, avoiding serious life event are approaches that might aid
in reducing the prevalence of spontaneous preterm births in Egyptian society. In addition, raising
awareness of mothers about lifestyle and behavior modification to reduce the risk of spontaneous
preterm birth. Recommendations: There is a need for better understanding of intervention
strategies to improve lifestyle conditions in pregnancy.