Background and study aim: The current study aims to identify the epidemiological and etiological profile of all the yeast ‎infections diagnosed in the laboratory of Parasitology-Medical Mycology of the CHU ‎HASSAN II of Fez‎.‎
Patients and Methods: ‎‎‎ This is a retrospective study spread over 5 years, from November 2015 to November 2020, ‎concerning 3672 mycological samples, and including superficial samples taken in the ‎Parasitology-Medical Mycology laboratory (nail scales, skin, scalp, various swabs ...) as well as ‎deep samples (CSF, BAL, blood culture ...), received from different hospital services of the ‎Hassan II University Hospital of Fes . Among these samples, 472 patients were confirmed as ‎carriers of superficial or deep yeast infection after a mycological study (direct examination + ‎culture) of each sample‎‎‎.‎
Results: Of these 3672 patients, 472 were confirmed as carriers of yeast infections, that is a prevalence of 12.8 %. The average age of our patients is 37.61 years. Yeast mycotic disease was more common in women than in men, with a sex ratio M/F=0.76. Candida sp < /em> was the prevalent genus (92.37%), followed by Cryptococcus sp < /em> (3.38%), Geotricum sp < /em> (2.33%), Trichosporon sp < /em> (1.48%), and Malassezia sp < /em> (0.42%). These different fungi were responsible for different clinical conditions, some isolated from superficial samples dominated by onychomycosis (38.34%), and others from deep samples dominated by fungemia (31, 19%)‎‎‎.
Conclusion: Yeast diseases are becoming more and more known, ranging from simple superficial damage to systemic infection. Candida albicans is the most commonly identified species, but with the emergence of new species, the incidence of non albicans Candida and other yeasts is continuously increasing. Therefore, given their different susceptibility to antifungal agents, their identification remains necessary‎‎‎.