Background and study aim: The target for a schistosoma vaccine or treatment is the reduction in morbidity. The hope for vaccine or treatment is to decrease worm burden  and egg pathology to the least percentage, this work aimed to compare between  schistosomulae lung stage antigen (SLAP) with and without adjuvant (IL12) and artesunate (ART) treatment regarding their effect especially on liver cell apoptosis.
Materials and Methods: Schistosomulae were extracted from the lungs 18 days post infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Eight groups of Swiss albino mice (8 mice each group) were classified as follows: Group A was served as healthy control group, group B was infected with ±100 cercariae and served as infected control group, group C infected then treated by artesunate monotherapy (400mg/kg) single oral dose 6 weeks post infection. ,group D was immunized with 50ug of SLAP then infected,, group E infected then treated by artesunate monotherapy (400 mg/kg) single oral dose 3 weeks post infection, group F was immunized with 50ug of SLAP and 100ug of IL12,group G was immunized with 50ug of SLAP and 100ug of IL12 then infected then treated by artesunate monotherapy (400 mg/kg) single oral dose 6 weeks post infection, group H was immunized with 50ug of SLAP and 100ug of IL12 infected then treated by artesunate monotherapy (400 mg/kg) single oral dose 3 weeks post infection. All groups vaccinated with SLAP vaccine were given booster doses after2 weeks of the first doses. Seven weeks post infection mice were sacrificed for parasitological parameters measurements (worm burden, tissue egg load and oogram pattern), histopathological and immunohistochemical  studies using P53 and Bcl-2 markers for determination of   liver cells apoptosis.
Results and Conclusion: Apoptosis detected by immunohistochemical studies is a good evaluation method. IL12 potentiated the protective effect of SLAP vaccine, ART 3  weeks post infection is better than 6 week post infection in reduction of liver pathology and apoptosis. The combination of both (SLAP+IL12+ART 3 weeks post infection) is the best regarding the reduction of tissue egg count, worm burden, hepatic immunopathology and apoptosis.