Background: Salmonellosis is enteric disease caused by Salmonella typhi (S.typhi). Humans are infected with it and it is transmitted through contaminated foods. Objective: The aim of the current study is to compare between two Interleukins (IL-1 and IL-2) levels in patients serum infected with S.typhi. Patients and methods: A case control was conducted in our university hospital. The study included 60 patients with Salmonellosis and 30 healthy individuals as controls. ELISA technique was used to determine the concentrations of IL-1 and IL-2 in the serum of all individuals with acute and chronic typhoid based on a positive blood culture and IgM/IgG test. Results: A total of 33 patients with acute infection and 27 with chronic infection have been diagnosed. IL-1 and IL-2 in acute and chronic infections were higher than in the control group (P values <0.0001 and <0.032, respectively). Conclusions: Humans with Salmonellosis have higher serum levels of IL-1 and IL-2 depending on the severity and duration of the illness and may be used as a diagnosis marker.