Background: Hematological malignancies are forms of cancer that begin in the cells of the blood-forming tissue, such as the bone marrow. Childhood blood cancers are relatively rare but are still found to be the major cause of death in children aged 1-14years. Objective: The aim of the current work was to evaluate IL-10 (1082G/A) gene promoter polymorphism as a risk factor in children with hematological malignancies. Patients and Methods: This study included a total of 30 patients with newly diagnosed hematologic malignancies and 30 healthy children served as a control, attending at Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Zagazig University and Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura Cancer center, Mansoura University Hospitals.  All patients and controls were subjected to the detection of IL-10-1082G/A gene promoter polymorphism using ARMS-PCR. Results: There was no significant difference between patients and controls as regards age and sex. Fever was the most common presentation in patients followed by anorexia, pallor, lymph node enlargement, and bone pain. There was no significant difference between patients and controls as regards the genotype of the IL10 (1082) gene. Conclusion: It could be concluded that no significant association between hematologic malignancies in children and controls as regards the genotype of the IL-10 (1082) gene.