The human endometrium is a complex, multicellular tissue that is regulated by steroid hormones (estrogens, progesterone, androgens, and glucocorticoids) and has different characteristics in the various phases of the menstrual cycle. HCG plays a major role in endometrial receptivity via modulation of the production of various cytokines and chemokines.
Aim of the Work: The study aimed to show the effect of intrauterine injection of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) on the day of ovum pickup in patients with a history of one or two failed Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm injections (ICSI). Patients, and Methods: A sample of 110 patients was obtained, half of them were candidates for intrauterine injection of 500 units of HCG immediately after ovum retrieval during the mock, while the other half were controls. All patients underwent controlled ovarian stimulation using the long protocol. The study was conducted at the Assisted reproduction unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, between December 2019 and November 2021. Results: The rate of chemical pregnancy was 39.6 % in the first group and 27.8% in the second group. The clinical pregnancy rate was 28.3% in the first group and 18.5% in the second group. There was no significant difference between the two studied groups regarding the proportion of chemical pregnancies (P-value 0.195) and the proportion of clinical pregnancies (P-value 0.232).
Conclusion: Although intrauterine injection of HCG improves chemical and clinical pregnancy rates in patients undergoing ICSI trial after failed one or two trials, statistically seems with no differences.