Background: Warts are a widespread, benign, and typically self-limiting cutaneous ailment that is exceedingly prevalent. They might be as small as a few millimeters or as large as several centimeters. Papillomaviruses, which cause warts, are transmitted via contact with infected skin. Epithelial lesions ranging from benign to malignant may be caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), which are two-stranded DNA viruses. Due to the absence of an envelope, HPV is extremely persistent and resistant to a wide range of treatment drugs. HPV genotypes that cause both skin and genital warts have been completely classified to date. Trauma sites like the hands and feet are the most prevalent locations for them to occur. Treatment options for warts include various forms of destructive methods such as cryotherapy, electrocoagulation, topical salicylic acid, topical 5-fluorouracil, laser surgery, and others. A viable treatment option in these situations appears to be immunotherapy. As evidence of the importance of immunity, immunosuppressed persons are more likely to develop and maintain warts.
Objective: To review different lines in management of different types of warts.
Methods: Multiple warts, new lines, and treatment were all looked for in PubMed, Google scholar, and Science direct. References from relevant literature were also evaluated by the authors, but only the most recent or complete study from January 2008 to May 2021 was included. Due to the lack of sources for translation, documents in languages other than English have been ruled out. Papers that did not fall under the purview of major scientific investigations, such as unpublished manuscripts, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and dissertations, were omitted.
Conclusion: Immunotherapeutic modalities are effective in wart therapy with the advantage of avoiding scarring of destructive therapies and acting on injected and non-injected warts.