persistent erection.  There are three recognised types of priapism at this time: ischemic or low-flow priapism, non-ischemic or high-flow priapism, and stuttering priapism. These are all based on the history and pathophysiology of the individual episodes.  It is characterised by a long-lasting, painful, and rigid erection produced by an abnormality in venous blood outflow from the corpora cavernosa, which is similar to penile compartment syndrome. Patients of ischemic priapism with sickle cell syndrome are more susceptible to stuttering priapism, which is characterised by self-limiting, recurring, and intermittent erections. When arterial blood drains excessively into the corporus cavernosus, a condition known as non-ischemic priapism results in an erection that is neither painful nor rigid. Because the emergency status and treatment choices for ischemia and non-ischemic priapism differ, it is necessary to make an accurate distinction between the two in order to begin appropriate therapeutic therapy. An important part of treating and managing priapism is ensuring that patients retain their ability to perform sexual functions even after the symptoms of priapism have disappeared. Medical and surgical advances in treating and preventing priapism are reviewed in this article, as well as scientific studies in this rapidly evolving subject.