Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a frequent, reversible kind of hair loss. It is commonly seen as patchy regions of full hair loss on the scalp and other body parts that might lead to complete loss of all body hair. The condition is characterized by localized inflammatory lesions with perifollicular T-cell infiltrates, demonstrating the importance of local cytokine generation in the formation of patchy hair loss. IL-1β is a major inhibitor of hair development in vitro. Its impact is blocked by the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1ra.
Objective: To review the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, pathogenesis, and associated genetic factors and the emerging therapeutics for AA in this review article. Greater knowledge of the disease pathophysiology may contribute to establishing novel medicines that are more targeted and effective against AA. 
Methodology: The databases were searched for articles published in English in 3 databases [PubMed – Google scholar science direct] and Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) had been used such as [Alopecia Areata AND Genetic Polymorphisms OR Overview] and in peer-reviewed articles between January 2001 and May 2022.
Conclusion: Comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of AA may mediate an efficient therapeutic approach for managing and treating this life quality affecting condition.