Background: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) is efficient chemokine for activated lymphocytes, macrophages as well as monocytes during infections, which directly or indirectly affects neutrophil infiltration. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether genetic variants of the MCP-1 are associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in individuals with post hepatitis C. Patients and methods: Sixty patients with post-hepatitis C virus liver cirrhosis and ascites were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: 30 patients with SBP in Group I & 30 patients who had not been diagnosed with SBP in group II. Thirty healthy participants were included in the control group. PCR-RFLP was used to detect the MCP-1gene polymorphism, and all patients had their medical histories, physical examinations, and laboratory tests completed, including ascitic sample analysis. Results: According to MCP-1 2518 genotypes, there was a statistically significant difference in alleles and MCP-1 2518 between the groups analyzed (p≤0.001 & p=.003 respectively). Both SBP and non-SBP groups studied showed statistically significant differences in MCP-1 2518 genotypes and alleles (p=0.037& p= .038 respectively). Moreover, SBP and control groups had significantly different MCP-1 2518 genotypes and alleles, (p≤0.001 & p=.003 respectively). Ascitic individuals with AG genotype had a 5.24-fold increased chance of developing SBP, compared to those with the GG genotype (COR=0.46). Ascitic patients who carry the G allele are less likely to develop SBP (COR=0.45). Conclusion: Patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis have statistically significant difference in MCP-1 2518 genetic polymorphism and AG genotype increases risk of SBP while G allele significantly decreased risk of it.