Background: Neonatal respiratory care includes oxygen therapy, which is more common due to the improved survival rates of premature infants. Considering that most current studies demonstrate that preterm newborns benefit most from oxygen saturations (SpO₂) of 91-95 percent, which reduces the risk of complications such as retinopathy of prematurity, we set out to study oxygen treatment and its risks in premature neonates. Objective: The reviews article highlight oxygen therapy and their risk in the premature neonates. Conclusion: There have been improvements in outcomes for babies with extremely low birth weight when using a larger goal range (85%-93%), but these ranges have not been thoroughly assessed in major clinical trials; additional data is required. High oxygen levels may be avoided with early use of a pulmonary vasodilator.