Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue that affects people all over the globe. Hematological problems are connected to varying grades of CKD. Objective: To study the relationship between chronic kidney disease and hematological indices, and to study the effect of hemodialysis on these parameters.  Subjects and Methods: At Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt. we conducted this cross-sectional study in addition to the Nephrology Unit of El-Sahel teaching hospital from May 2019 to February 2020 on 165 subjects categorized into three groups with each group of 55 subjects. Group I included normal healthy persons. Group II involved chronic kidney disease patients not on hemodialysis (NDD-CKD) while Group III included patients on maintenance hemodialysis (DD-CKD). All participants' histories were gathered, with particular attention paid to demographic data and the co-morbid medical conditions as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Full clinical examination was done including local and systemic examinations. In addition, a complete blood count, urea, and creatinine levels were measured. Results: There is a significant association between CKD and changes in RBCs indices with a significant effect of hemodialysis on these changes. A decrease in the mean platelet count in diseased groups compared with normal ones was revealed. We also found differences between the 3 groups according to WBCs indices with significant changes between the 3 groups in TLC. Conclusion: CKD impacts all hematological parameters and hemodialysis also influence all these parameters.