Background: Imaging plays a very important role in the diagnosis of renal infection. It assists diagnosis and differentiates between different types of renal infection. It also helps to detect and manage the associated complications through image-guided drainage and aspiration. Contrast-enhanced CT is the most useful study. A contrast-enhanced study is essential for a complete evaluation of patients with renal inflammatory disease to demonstrate alterations in the renal parenchymal perfusion and excretion of the contrast material, which occur as a result of the inflammatory process. Objective: To detect the role of multidetector CT in diagnosis of renal infection. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted on sixty patients. The study was carried out at Diagnostic Radiology Departments of Menoufia University Hospital. The patients were presenting with fever (< 38°C) mainly and loin pain. Results: From 60 patients with renal infection, 18 cases were diagnosed as pyonephrosis, 16 cases were diagnosed as renal abscess, 12 cases were diagnosed as pyelonephritis, 4 cases were diagnosed as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, 4 cases were diagnosed as perinephric abscess, 2 cases were diagnosed as emphysematous pyelonephritis, 2 cases were diagnosed as fungal ball, 2 cases were diagnosed as urinoma. The mean age was (39.4 ± 15.7). Conclusion: Contrast enhanced computed tomography is a perfect diagnostic modality to assess the severity of inflammatory process and reaching the diagnosis of renal infection. It also helps to reach the cause, predisposing factors, associations, complications and the extent of the disease.