Background: Trauma is the leading cause of mortality among young individuals worldwide. Brain trauma and massive bleeding are the most severe complications of poly trauma. Another important complication is aspiration pneumonia that requires early detection and management.
Objectives: The aim of the work was to assess the intra hospital risk factors namely aspiration pneumonia and hypovolemic shock that affecting mortality and morbidity in polytraumatized patients and their outcome as regards hospital mortality and length of stay.
Patient and Method: This study was conducted on 56 polytrauma patients attending at Al-Azhar University Emergency Hospital, Damietta from November 2018 to October 2019. They were divided into two groups: patients with hypovolemic shock group and patients with aspiration pneumonia group. Furthermore, they were divided into survivors and non survivors groups. All patients subjected to resuscitation and stabilization, history taking, examination and laboratory and radiological investigations.
Results: Hypovolemic shock and aspiration pneumonia showed statistically significant differences between both groups as regards mode of admission and duration till hospital arrival with a higher percentage of patients admitted after ER resuscitation or arriving early to hospital developing hypovolemic shock. While as, those patients admitted directly to ICU or arriving late to hospital developing aspiration pneumonia. The mortality rate in this study was 23.2% among poly trauma patients. Comparison between survivors and non-survivors revealed that older age had higher incidence of mortality in poly trauma patients.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that aspiration pneumonia and hypovolemic shock were good predictors for morbidity and mortality in polytrauma.