Background: Pedicle screws are medical implants which are implanted posteriorly into the vertebrae of the spine and longitudinally connected to a rod to form a construct which corrects spinal alignment or promotes stabilization. Pedicle screw fixation is considered to be the gold standard of spinal internal fixation due to its many benefits in a variety of debilitating spinal conditions. Objective: The aim of the work is to evaluate the use of spinal pedicle screws for different lesions in the past, in the present and in the future. Conclusion: Some successful applications of pedicle screws include surgical treatment of scoliosis reduction and stabilization of spondylolisthesis, stabilization of unstable spinal fractures, simple lumbar degenerative disc disease, primary or metastatic tumors of the lumbar spine, and surgical revision of symptomatic pseudoarthrodesis of the lumbar region.