Background: diabetic retinopathy is a chronic progressive, potentially sight-threatening disease of the retinal microvasculature associated with the prolonged hyperglycaemia and other conditions linked to diabetes mellitus such as hypertension. Objective: Evaluation of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods: Cross sectional design;, there is greater confidence the study has internal validity due to the systematic subject selection and equity of groups being compared. This is a prospective comparative study will be carried on forty eyes in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. All investigations were carried out at AlAzhar University hospitals. Written and informed consent were taken before the investigations. Results: The male to female ratio in our study showing in diabetic group without retinopathy 12 to 8, while in the NPDR group showing 10 to 10 with a total male to female 22 to 18 in the study. In our study, the difference between NFL thickness measurements between four quadrants (upper, lower, nasal and temporal) between Diabetic group with no diabetic retinopathy and NPDR group is significant.. Conclusion: All quadrant retinal nerve fiber layer thinning is associated with peripheral neuropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes.