Background: Diabetic eye disease is an end-organ response to the effects of the condition on the human system. The cornea is a transparent structure protecting the anterior one-sixth of the eye. Chronic hyperglycemia can affect the corneal layers shape and functions that responsible for corneal transparency. Objectives: Comparison of the changes in corneal endothelium namely, cell density (CD), percentage polymegathism, cell volume (CV) and pleomorphism (6A) along with central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with normal age and sex- matched subjects. Patients and methods: A case-control study in Sayed Galal University Hospital. 20 eyes of type 2 diabetic patients and 20 eyes of age and sex matched controls were included in the study. Age, gender, other demographic data, and relevant diabetic history were obtained. Full evaluation of both cases and controls including both anterior and posterior segment complete evaluation was done. Non- contact specular microscopy was used to study the corneal endothelial cells. Results: The mean endothelial cell density (ECD) was non-significantly lower in type 2 diabetics compared to controls (p value = 0.751.). There was a highly significant reduction in hexagonally in the cases compared to controls and highly significant increase in coefficient of variation in the cases compared to controls Conclusion: This study acknowledged that type 2 diabetes causes a significant decrease of hexagonality and increase CV (polymegathism). However, non-significant reduction of ECD was documented