Aim of the work: this study aimed to evaluate the central corneal thickness and the corneal endothelium by specular microscopy in torsional phacoemulsification versus longitudinal phacoemulsification. Methods: in our study we did a comparative analysis of the changes in endothelial cells of the cornea (Central cell density and cell loss) and central corneal thickness after cataract extraction surgeries by torsional phacoemulsification versus longitudinal phacoemulsification. In our study thirty eyes of thirty patients were chosen from Ophthalmology clinic at Bab Al-Shaariah University Hospital for uneventful phacoemulsification surgeries (15 eyes of 15 patiens for torsional phaco and 15 eyes of 15 patients for longitudinal phaco). The types and densities of cataract were determined as cortical, posterior supcapsular (PSC), nuclear I, nuclear II and nuclear III. Divide and Conquer technique was used for phacoemulsification using (Infiniti, Ozil technology, Alcon) phaco machine. A noncontact specular microscope Topcon SP-1P (Topcon Corporation, Japan) was used to evaluate the central endothelial cell density (CD) and central corneal thickness (CCT). Results: The mean U/S time was lower in the torsional group than in the longitudinal group (p< 0.05). On comparing between the torsional Phaco and longitudinal phaco groups, the longitudinal phaco group had higher average central corneal thickness (p > 0.05) and higher average corneal endothelial cell losses at 2 weeks postoperative (p > 0.05). Conclusions: our study suggested a better efficiency by the torsional mode rather than the longitudinal mode.