Background: Rectal varices and hemorrhoids are a gastrointestinal complication of portal hypertension. There is a large discrepancy in previous studies regarding prevalence of rectal varices and hemorrhoids and their correlation with other factors. Aim of the work: goal of our study was evaluation of the effect of band ligation of oesophageal varices (OVs) on the evolution and/or progression of rectal varices and haemorrhoids. Patients and Methods: This study conducted on 50 postHCV cirrhotic patients screened for esophageal varices. They were divided into two main groups; Group I: It included 25 post-HCV cirrhotic patients, screened for OVs, band ligation was indicated in them, and they were banded for OVs. Group II: It included 25 post-HCV cirrhotic patients, screened for OVs, and band ligation was not indicated in them. All of them were submitted to oesophagogastrodudenoscopy (OGD) for assessment of OVs and short colonoscopy for assessment of rectal varices & haemorrhoids at the baseline and after 6 months. Results: Obliteration of esophageal varices by endoscopic variceal band ligation did not affect the incidence of hemorrhoids (38% before and after) and anorectal varices (12% before and after). Conclusion: It is concluded that esophageal variceal band ligation does not affect the incidence of hemorrhoids, or anorectal va1rices inpatients with liver cirrhosis.