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18649

3 Yolk Sac Size and Shape, Gestational Sac Diameter and Embryonic Heart Rate as Prognostic Factors for First Trimesteric Outcome

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Last updated: 03 Jan 2025

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Abstract

Background: it is estimated that approximately 30% to 40% of implanted pregnancies resulted in spontaneous abortion during the first trimester, most of which occur in very early stage. Significant number of losses predominantly occurs very early in gestation, but once the embryonic heart activity appears the rate of spontaneous abortion gradually decreases to 2-5%. Aim of the work: this work aimed to evaluate the correlation between the ultrasound parameters that were assessed in the first trimester (the gestational sac size, yolk sac size and shape and embryonic heart rate) to early pregnancy loss and the correlation between different ultrasound parameter to each other. Methodology: this study involved 100 pregnant women attending Al Hussein University Hospital. They were examined by using 2D ultrasonography starting early in the first trimester with a first scan between 6 and 8 weeks. A follow up scan was conducted at 9 and 12 weeks. During follow up, 7 women did not return for follow up and accordingly, the results (gestional sac diameter,embryonic heart rate and yolk sac size and shape ) of the remaining 93 women were shown. All patients were evaluated by transvaginal ultrasound using equipped with a real-time, 5-MHz sector electronic array endovaginal probe. The fetal heart rate was measured by M-mode in all cases and the yolk sac diameter (YSD) was determined by placing the calipers on the inner limits of the longer diameter. Results: in this study, there was a significant increase in age in fetal loss group more than complete pregnancy group. Regarding the relation between gestational sac diameter at different gestational age period and its relation to the outcome of pregnancy, the gestational sac diameter showed a significant decreasing in the fetal loss group at 6, 9 and 12 weeks, so the GS diameter was a good predictor to fetal loss (p < 0.05). Conclusion: first trimester ultrasound measurement of these parameters (FHR,YS diameter and shape and GS diameter) proved to be an important, helpful and noninvasive tool in the investigation, diagnosis as well as the follow up of pregnant females in their early pregnancy. Measurement of gestational sac diameter, CRL and fetal heart rate in combination provided better prediction of the prognosis of the first trimester than when either parameter used alone.

DOI

10.21608/ejhm.2018.18649

Keywords

yolk sac diameter, gestational sac diameter, embryonic heart rate

Authors

First Name

Emad Maarof

Last Name

Abd Ellatif

MiddleName

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Affiliation

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University

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Orcid

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First Name

Abdalla Khalil

Last Name

Ahmad

MiddleName

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Affiliation

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University

Email

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Orcid

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First Name

Mohamed Ali Ali

Last Name

Halawa

MiddleName

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Affiliation

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University

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Orcid

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Volume

73

Article Issue

9

Related Issue

3870

Issue Date

2018-10-01

Receive Date

2018-11-09

Publish Date

2018-10-01

Page Start

7,418

Page End

7,428

Print ISSN

1687-2002

Online ISSN

2090-7125

Link

https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18649.html

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https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=18649

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3

Type

Original Article

Type Code

606

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

Publication Link

https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

3 Yolk Sac Size and Shape, Gestational Sac Diameter and Embryonic Heart Rate as Prognostic Factors for First Trimesteric Outcome

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Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023