Aim: the significant points in diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency which is one of the most common diseases observed in children have been compiled in terms of directing pediatricians, the recent studies performed in this area have been reviewed and the experiences of our center have been explained. Methods: Medline and PubMed database searches were performed for articles about acute cholangitis published in English up to September 2018. Results: iron deficiency anemia continues to be a considerable public health issue worldwide. The major concepts in treatment of iron deficiency anemia consist of making the diagnosis, investigating the condition which triggers to iron deficiency and removal of this problem, replacement of deficiency, enhancement of nutrition and education of patients and families. Conclusion: The serum ferritin level is the best indicator of the iron stores in the body and the first biochemical variable to change in ID.