Introduction: Laryngeal cancer (LC) is an important health problem. It is one of the most common respiratory cancers. The prevalence of this cancer is increasing all over the world.   Objectives: The aim of the present study is to determine the clinical features of the laryngeal cancer patients underwent total laryngectomty (TL); to define the characteristic features of surgery in these patients; and to define the life style, health behavioral, sociodemographic and clinical risk factors of the patients.   Subjects and methods: A total of 90 laryngeal cancer patients and a control group of the same number were enrolled in the study. A case-control, hospital based study design was used. Results: The most important clinical features of the studied laryngeal cancer cases underwent TL were; most lesions site was glottis (56.7%), presented with hoarseness of voice (85.6%) and most of the patients were in stage III (63.3%). Also, the most important characteristics of the surgery in these cases were 64.4% had TL and primary tracheoesophageal puncture, 88.9% underwent thyroidectomy and 25.6% had preoperative tracheostomy. The +ve reflux symptoms index was significant clinical risk factor (OR=6.77). Factory worker occupation was significant risk factor (OR=4.65). The most important sociodemographic risk factors for laryngeal cancer were male sex, urban residence, old age, low social level and low occupational level (ORs= 52.59, 2.43, 2.43, 1.99 and 1.97; respectively). Further, the most important significant health behavioral risk factors were cigarette smoking, goza smoking and no healthy food intake (ORs= 4.44, 4.25 and 2.74; respectively).   Recommendations: Population based studies are needed in different areas in Egypt and on large numbers of patients to understand the full epidemiology of the laryngeal cancer and quality of life of these patients.