Aim of the work: this study aimed to examine the histological and histochemical changes in the skin tissue of male rats after exposure to gamma radiation and the possible therapeutic effect of either olive leaf extract or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Material and methods: the present study was applied on forty adult male albino rats (Sprague Dawely strain). The rats were categorized equally into five groups (1-C group: control rats; 2- O group: rats treated with plant leaves extract (15 mg/kg b. wt. /daily);  3-R group: rats exposed to a single dose of gamma-radiation (3 Gy); 4-RO group: rats of this group treated with olive leaf extract 15 mg /kg b.wt./daily one week prior to irradiation and one week post irradiation; 5- RS group: rats of this group were irradiated with 3Gy then treated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (3×10⁶ cells / ml suspension) through the caudal vein about 5 hours post radiation exposure. Histopathological and some common histochemical changes were studied. Results: rats exposed to gamma radiation showed several histological and histochemical changes, these changes were improved by using either olive extract or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) showed more obvious curative effect than olive leaf extract. Conclusion: the present work showed that both olive leaf extract and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have skin tissue radiotherapeutic effects against gamma radiation in male albino rats.