Beta-Thalassemia being particularly prevalent in the Mediterranean region. Thalassemia syndromes are common in Saudi Arabia: the Beta-Thalassemia genes occur with variable frequency in different regions of Saudi Arabia and both B+ and Bo thalassemia have been reported. Over the last few years, a great deal of information regarding the clinical, molecular and management of these disorders has accumulated in the literature. This paper summarizes some of the recent studies on the subject along with experience and attempt to clarify the importance of early detection and treatment β- Thalassemia in children.