Background: Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialytic support are usually anemic due to lack of Erythropoietin (EPO) secretion from the kidney. There was a highly significant association of hemoglobin and hematocrit with HCV infection. Patients with HCV infection were associated with higher hemoglobin and hematocrit compared with non-infected patients. Aim of this work: was to study the effect of HBV versus HCV infection on the response to erythropoietin therapy in the treatment of anemia in prevalent hemodialysis. Subjects and methods: this study was conducted at Damanhour Fever Hospital hemodialysis unit including 60 patients under regular hemodialysis three sessions a weak and this phase extended from October 2015 till april 2016. Results indicated that hemodialysis patients with HCV and hemodialysis patients with HBV infection had higher mean hemoglobin, than negative group but with no significant statistical difference. Conclusion: It could be concluded that hemodialysis patients with HCV tend to have higher baseline hemoglobin (with no significant statistical difference) and decreased need for EPO therapy while patients with HBV infection tend to have higher baseline hemoglobin (with no significant statistical difference) and increased need for EPO therapy.