Introduction: The subarachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid, which circulates through the entire central nervous system aiding in providing nutrition, fighting microbes, and acts as a buffer. Additionally, the cerebrospinal fluid also helps in diagnosis of various pathologies affecting the central nervous system ranging from infection, trauma, and tumor in the pediatric population with the help of lumbar puncture.
Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: lumbar puncture, pediatric indication for lumbar puncture, contraindications to lumbar puncture, technique procedure, CSF analysis.
Aim: In this review, we aim to study the indications, contraindication, and complications of lumbar puncture. We will also study the correct technique, as well as the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.
Conclusion: The lumbar puncture procedure is highly effective in diagnostics as well as therapeutically, however it can be fatal if gone wrong. There are several complications which can result from performing the procedure incorrectly, as well as some underlying pathologies can make it contraindicated.