Background: gallstone disease is defined as the presence of gallstones accompanied by symptoms attributable to their presence (Biliary colic) or complications such as cholecystitis,cholangitis and biliary pancreatitis. In addition, the disease is thought to be a risk factor for developing pancreaticobiliary cancer. Objective: this study aimed to determine the rate of biliary disease in King Faisal Medical Complex as a reflection of the prevalence of the disease in Taif region.
Methods: thisa cross sectional retrospective analysis included 565 patients with gallstone disease , in King Fisal Medical Complex during 1 year (from 1 July 2015 to 30 Jun 2016). Data of the patients were collected from patient's files which included 4 departments. 1-Emrgency Room 2-Surgical Outpatient Department 3-Operating Room and 4-Histopathological Department. Result: this study included 565 patients with gallstone disease, (10 years and above) . 398(70%) females, 167(30%) males. Mean age for females was 44.89 years (SD+15.93), Mean age for males was 48.45 years (SD+19.67). The overall ratio of gall bladder disease to all general surgery operation was 24%. The Majority of them diagnosed with chronic cholecystitis present to OPD (57%), while acute cholecystitis presented to ER was 43%. Most of them were females (77%)while, males were 23%. 85% of patients underwent to lap cholecystectomy with 1% rate of conversion. 14% of patients underwent ERCP and 1% open cholecystectomy.There was significant gender differences in type of operation   (P value=.013). 38% of male patients with gallstone disease came to the emergency department compared to 62 % of females.Variety of GBD diagnosis was observed , chronic calculous cholcystitis (50%) acute calculous cholecystitis and empyema (30%), obstructive jaundice (14%), Biliary colic (5%),GB mass (1%). Conclusions: the number of patients presented with gall stones disease and it's complications to King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif alone showed  significant high number, mostly due to hypoxia as our region is one of the highest altitude region in the Middle East. Prevalence of disease was more in female population and it showed the target population which should be educated regarding prevention of disease.