Background: More recently ibuprofen, was used for the indication of the patency of ductus arteriosus closure in preterm infants; this drug is associated similar side effects include cerebral, renal, and mesenteric circulation. Methods: An electronic search was carried out using search terms such as “renal failure", “kidney failure", “renal injury", ibuprofen, “side effects", “adverse effect", complications. The search in MEDLINE and EMBASE through PubMed search engine resulted in 31 articles. These articles were screened for eligibility criteria included studies aimed to assess renal injury caused by ibuprofen use in infants. Results: After exclusion of irrelevant duplicated and review studies, 12 studies were included in this review. Eight studies were randomized control, 3 retrospective evaluation and 1 retrospective cohort study. the effect of the treatment on the renal function there are two outcomes reported either reduction in serum creatinine or incidence of acute renal failure. Incidence of acute renal failure reported in 4 studies. Conclusion: Although renal failure was more common in infants receiving Indomethacin compared to Ibuprofen, oral Ibuprofen was less toxic to the kidneys than intravenous and the serum creatinine levels after treatment did not differ, this is not significant.