Intermittent fasting (IF) describes a variety of eating patterns during which no or few calories are consumed for certain time, which can range from twelve hours to some days, on a frequent basis. In recent years, IF became popular as a possible new paradigm for weight loss and inflammation reduction, as well as numerous health benefits. In this review, we incorporated various aspects of fasting, especially the effects of intermittent fasting diet (IFD) on lipid profile and inflammation as well as its effect on the body mass index and the glucose metabolism in non-diabetic people. Liver, cardiovascular and central nervous systems physiological responses are illustrated as well. An IFD may provide a huge metabolic benefit by improving glycemic control, insulin resistance, and adipokine concentration with a discount of body mass index in adults. Also, IF protocol helps improving several physiological functions thus inducing longevity and minimizing illness. Moreover, alternate day fasting (ADF) is considered as good protocol of food intake therapy for persons with non -alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can help in loss of weight and treatment of dyslipidemia within a relatively short period of time (a month to three months), and reduce cardiovascular risk factors. In conclusion, IF is suggested during the fight against many diseases as cancer, diabetes and central nervous system (CNS) disorders.