Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus considered as the most risk criteria in metabolic syndrome.
Twenty four male albino rats, 3 months age weighting (120±15) gm at the beginning of the experiment, were purchased from animal house in our University. The rats were kept at a suitable conditions with a temperature of 23-25°C with 12 hours light-dark cycle and free availability of water and diet. The rats were kept for 2 weeks for accommodation, then randomly divided into 2 main groups the first one was a control group (8 rats) kept on a standard diet with free access to drinking water. The second group (16 rats) kept on high fat high fructose diet (HFHF), 8 rats kept for 7 weeks (considered as obese group G2) and the other 8 rats were kept for 12 week to be diabetic with type II according to (De Castro et al., 2013)and considered as diabetic group (G 3).
Grossly, feeding HFHF diet resulted in marked increase in body weight in both obese and diabetic group, this increase was stopped between 7th and 8th week the body weight started to decrease. Laboratory, feeding HFHF diet resulted in decreasing the expression levels of insulin hormone gene which reflected on the increase in the expression levels of FGF-21, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α genes. This increase was more in the diabetic group in IL-1β, and the same in both groups in IL-6 and TNF-α but higher in obese group in FGF-21 gene.
The expression levels of miRNA 146a, miRNA 126, FGF 21 and some cytokines may be a good early indicators for obesity and diabetes mellitus type II, having a major role in the mechanism of incidence and may have a great role in the treatment and follow-up the disease.