MicroRNA-146a is one of the inflammation related microRNAs that constitutes an imperative part in the immune system. The present study was designed to evaluate whether microRNA-146a and its effect on the expression of target proteins (TRAF6 and IRAK1) are involved in metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes. In the current study, we investigated the expression levels of microRNA-146a in kidneys of twenty diabetic rats. The results showed a four-fold increase in microRNA-146a level in the kidneys of diabetic rats which was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of IRAK1with no changes in TRAF6 expression levels. On the contrary, significant increase in NF-ᴋB, TNFα, and IL6 and IL1β concentrations in kidney tissues of diabetic rats was observed. In conclusion, MicroRNA-146a can be used as a marker in case of diabetes.