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246573

THE EVALUATION OF AGAROSE-BASED GEL SYSTEMS FOR SURFACE CLEANING ALBUMEN PRINTS VS THE CONVENTIONAL WATER TREATMENT

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Last updated: 22 Jan 2023

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Abstract

The albumen process was the main positive printing photographic process of the 19th century. Albumen prints form a significant part of historical collections, whether on display or in storage. Since pho-tographs are in high demand, they often suffer from improper and frequent handling, resulting in dirt and stains. Accordingly, albumen prints may benefit from surface cleaning. However, conventional treatments are very risky procedures which may cause severe damage to albumen prints. Recently, many gel-based systems have been developed and tested for possible use to surface clean different cultural materials. Given that the use of gelled systems proved to have several advantages over common treatments, the suitability of agarose-based gel systems and their effects on treated albumen surfaces was thoroughly assessed using visual inspection, UV fluore-scence imaging, digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, colorimetric measurements, pH value measurements, ninhydrin test, mechanical testing, thickness measurements, and fungal testing. In this study, agarose-based gel was prepared in three concent-rations (2, 3, and 4% in distilled water), without and with a solvent (i.e. ethanol or toluene). For studying long-term effects of the selected treatments, prepared test samples were exposed to humid heat aging for a period of five days as described in the ISO 5630-3:1996 standard. For color change measurements, vintage albumen prints were used. The conventional water treatment was also carried out for comparative purposes. Based on the obtained results, the tested agarose-based systems are less aggressive than the water treatment conventionally used to clean albumen prints.

DOI

10.21608/ejars.2022.246573

Keywords

Albumen print Agarose, based gel cleaning systems SEM AFM ATR, FTIR

Authors

First Name

Ali,

Last Name

M.

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Affiliation

Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt.

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Volume

12

Article Issue

1

Related Issue

35296

Issue Date

2022-06-01

Receive Date

2021-08-16

Publish Date

2022-06-01

Page Start

7

Page End

27

Print ISSN

2090-4932

Online ISSN

2090-4940

Link

https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246573.html

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https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=246573

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2

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Original Article

Type Code

575

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Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies

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https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/

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Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023