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210367

CHARACTERIZATION AND CONSERVATION STUDY OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN BRONZE BELLS

Article

Last updated: 22 Jan 2023

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Abstract

Two Bronze Bells were excavated through the Egyptian- Italian expedition in Medinet Madi, Fayoum, Egypt. They are dated back to the Late Period (664-332 BC) preserved in the store museum of Kom Oshim, Fayoum governorate. They were manufactured by the lost wax process. Visual examination, USB digital microscope, metallographic examination, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy, portable X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction were used in this study to elucidate the micro-structure and elemental chemical composition of the bells, and identify the corrosion morphology. The results indicated that the bells had been manufactured with a ternary alloy Cu-Sn-Pb. Two-phased microstructure the α-Cu phase and the (α-Cu+δ-Sn) eutectoid could be observed with Pb small globules and scattered porosity. The corrosion products were identified as atacamite, paratacamite and malachite for the bronze bell, and goethite for the iron clapper. Conservation treatments included cleaning and protection processes to reveal the bells shape and provide better protection against corrosion.

DOI

10.21608/ejars.2021.210367

Keywords

Bell, Tin bronze, analysis, Corrosion, treatments

Authors

First Name

Abdelbar

Last Name

M.

MiddleName

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Affiliation

Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Damietta Univ., Damietta, Egypt.

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Volume

11

Article Issue

2

Related Issue

29589

Issue Date

2021-12-01

Receive Date

2020-10-12

Publish Date

2021-12-01

Page Start

165

Page End

174

Print ISSN

2090-4932

Online ISSN

2090-4940

Link

https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_210367.html

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https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=210367

Order

4

Type

Original Article

Type Code

575

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies

Publication Link

https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/

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Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023