The present research deals with the most important devises and various techniques used to identify the different types of stones, decorative stones and mortars used for construction of Al-Tanbugha El-Merdani mosque at el-Darb Alhmar in Cairo. Different examination and analysis techniques were used to identify the various types and composition of rocks, decorative stones which adorn the lower parts of mosque walls, as well as building materials and mortars. Polarizing microscope was used to identify the minerals and rocks. Beside to scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-Ray spectrometry. X-Ray fluorescence XRF was also aid detecting the elements. Laser induced Breakdown Spectroscopy LIBS was also employed. The obtained results were gathered in an attached table .