A rifle and its ammunition pouch, from Dhamar museum, Yemen, were selected for the study.
While the rifle was made of iron and wood, its ammunition pouch was taken from an animal
horn. Both are considered an artifcat.This composite structure, consisted, due to its complex
nature, of more than one element, where each element tended to influence and be influenced
mutually by one or more of the others elements.Hence, the current study aimed to examine
the rifle and its ammunition pouch, as follows: studying metal corrosion; examining the wood,
horn, and their deterioration phenomena; and explaining the mutual impact of the different
materials. This helps us understand the serious problems of the corrosive phenomena and
their degradation mechanisms. It also helps identify their structure in order to provide the
scientific treatment and conservation of the organic parts (Tamarix, Syacamore wood and animal
Horn), and inorganic parts (Iron and cupper). Therefore, samples from the rifle and its ammunition
pouch were taken and examined by Light Microscope, Metallographic Microscope, Scanning
Electron Microscope, X-Ray Diffraction, and X-Ray Fluorescence. Accordingly, chemical cleaning
was chosen for treatment (by Alcohol and Toluene for wood and citric acid for metal parts).