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34018

Closed and open loop mechanisms controlling arterial blood pressure in waking state in human and experimental animal

Article

Last updated: 03 Jan 2025

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Tags

Cardiovascular Physiology

Abstract

Time-honored indices of classical, closed loop arterial blood pressure (BPa) control have recently been supplemented by analyses thought to be sensitive to both closed and open loop mechanisms. These newer tools include, among others, power spectral analyses of heart rate (HR) and BPa, and the cross-correlation between changes in BPa and changes in HR or R-R interval. The „baroreceptor effectiveness index‟ (BEI) is significantly larger in supine, healthy individuals as compared to diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. Such findings give promise that BEI may provide a means to assess the development of autonomic neuropathy in diabetic or in other at-risk patients. The cross-correlation between BPa and heart rate in man includes a peak where the two are positively correlated with HR changes leading pressure changes, suggestive of open loop control, and a sharp nadir where the two are negatively correlated and BPa changes precede HR changes, suggestive of closed loop control. In rat the positive cross-correlation depends upon intact spinal sympathetic pathways. The magnitudes of both the positive and negative cross correlations are weaker in tetraplegic patients as compared to neutrally intact subjects. Both peaks remain relatively strong in healthy subjects during the challenge of head up tilt, but decline precipitously in tetraplegic patients. The recognition that both closed and open loop mechanisms are operative and functionally important suggests multiple additional possible etiologies for cardiovascular dysfunctions, including hypertension. The advent of non-invasive means to quantify autonomic function promises new insights into control of the cardiovascular system in health and disease

DOI

10.21608/besps.2014.34018

Keywords

Open and closed loop, Mechanisms, ABP, Waking, Man, Experimental animals

Authors

First Name

David

Last Name

Randall

MiddleName

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Affiliation

Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY

Email

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City

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Orcid

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First Name

David

Last Name

Brown

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

34

Article Issue

1

Related Issue

5686

Issue Date

2014-06-01

Receive Date

2014-03-10

Publish Date

2014-06-01

Page Start

1

Page End

10

Print ISSN

1110-0842

Online ISSN

2356-9514

Article File

BESPS_Volume 34_Issue 1_Pages 1-10.pdf

PDF . 385.4kB

Link

https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_34018.html

Detail API

https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=34018

Order

1

Type

Review Article

Type Code

574

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences

Publication Link

https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Closed and open loop mechanisms controlling arterial blood pressure in waking state in human and experimental animal

Details

Type

Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023